# spreadsheet concepts

the vocabulary behind formulas, references and recalculation.

- [absolute and relative references](https://deepcalc.com/concepts/absolute-and-relative-references.md) — why a reference changes when you copy a formula, and how $ stops it.
- [A1 notation](https://deepcalc.com/concepts/a1-notation.md) — how cells, ranges and worksheets are addressed in a formula.
- [structural edits](https://deepcalc.com/concepts/structural-edits.md) — what happens to formulas when rows or columns are inserted, deleted or moved.
- [array formulas](https://deepcalc.com/concepts/array-formulas.md) — formulas that operate on many values at once and return many results.
- [spill range](https://deepcalc.com/concepts/spill-range.md) — the block of cells a multi-value formula writes its results into.
- [circular references](https://deepcalc.com/concepts/circular-references.md) — a formula that depends, directly or indirectly, on its own result.
- [volatile functions](https://deepcalc.com/concepts/volatile-functions.md) — functions that recalculate on every change, whatever their inputs did.
- [recalculation](https://deepcalc.com/concepts/recalculation.md) — how a change to one cell propagates through everything that depends on it.

source: https://deepcalc.com/concepts